以下表格显示典型的证券交易顺序,以及它们如何影响保证金账户。[1]
现金 = | $10,000.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | 无持有头寸 |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | 总现金价值 + 股票价值 + 债券价值 + 基金价值 + 欧洲和亚洲期权价值 |
初始保证金(IM) = | $0.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - IM |
剩余流动性 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $0.00 | RegT保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $10,000.00 | (SMA前一天 +/- 日内的现金变化 +/- 今日的交易初始保证金) 或 (含借贷价值权益 - 保证金) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | SMA要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $20,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益 = | $10,000.00 | |
初始保证金 = | $5,000.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金 = | $5,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $5,000.00 | ELV-IM 可用资金在交易时为>=0,因此交易被提交 |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $10,000.00 | RegT保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $0.00 | ($10,000.00 – $0.00 – $10,000.00) 或 ($10,000.00 – $10,000.00) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | SMA要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $22,500.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $5,625.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,625.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $6,875.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $6,875.00 | ELV - MM 剩余流动性 >=0,因此无清算发生 |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $17,500.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $7,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $4,375.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $4,375.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $3,125.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $3,125.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $8,750.00 | 保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $0.00 | ($0.00 +/– $0.00 + $0.00) 或 ($7,500.00 – $8,750.00) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | 要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | $12,500.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | 头寸不再被持有。 |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $0.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $12,500.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $12,500.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $0.00 | 保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $12,500.00 | ($0.00 +/– $0.00 + $11,250.00) 或 ($12,500.00 – $0.00) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | SMA要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | $12,500.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $12,625.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $12,625.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | ($125.00) | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | ($125.00) | ELV - MM |
可用资金 <=0, | 因此交易被拒绝。 |
现金 = | ($17,500.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $30,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $7,500.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $7,500.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $5,000.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $15,000.00 | RegT Margin = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | -$2,500.00 | ($12,500 +/– $0.00 – $15,000.00) 或 ($12,500.00 – $15,000.00) 取较大值 |
SMA = ($2,500.00) 其 < 0 | 股票被清算。 |
现金 = | ($17,500.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $22,500.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $5,000.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $5,625.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,625.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | ($625.00) | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | ($625.00) | ELV - MM |
剩余流动性 < 0, | 因此股票将被清算。 |
以下表格显示了一个涉及商品的典型交易序列例子。尽管我们的全能账户自动地在账户的证券和商品部分之间转移资金,为简化以下的举例,我们将假设账户中的现金保留在账户的商品部分中。
行动 | 现金 | 保证金要求 | 净清算价值 |
---|---|---|---|
1. 存入 $5,000.00 | + $5,000.00 | $5,000.00 | |
2 买进1份ES期货合约 | $5,000.00 | $2,813.00 | $5,000.00 |
$850.00 * 50 (乘数), ES初始保证金要求 = $2,813.00 | |||
3. 日末: ES价格上涨至$860.00 | $5,500.00 | $2813.00 | $5,500.00 |
收益 $10.00 * 50 = $500.00 | |||
净清算价值 > $2,813.00 | 无清算。 | ||
4. 第二天: ES价格下跌至$810.00 | $3,000.00 | $4,500.00 | $3,000.00 |
损失$50.00 * 50 = $2,500.00 | |||
净清算价值 < $4,500.00 隔夜维持保证金 | 清算发生。 |
例如,假设一个客户用保证金以$10.00/股买入2,000股ABC股票。本例中的贷款金额为$10,000.00,计算如下:(1)
现金 = | $10,000.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $20,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $13,333.33 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $3,333.33 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $3,333.33 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $0.00 | ELV - MM |
价格 = | ($10,000 / 2,000) / (.75) = $6.6667(2) |
在以下例子中,客户买入股票,但之后股票价格降低到使盈余流动余额低于零以下,提示要进行清算。
现金 = | $10,000.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $20,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $12,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $2,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $3,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | -$1,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现剩余流动资金为< 0, 头寸将被清算,以使剩余流动资金回到最低不低于0。 |
清算数量 = | $1,000.00 * 4 |
$4,000.00 |
现金 = | ($6,000.00) | 原始的$10,000.00贷款 – 清算数量 |
证券市场价值 = | $8,000.00 | $12,000.00 市场价值 – 清算数量 |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $2,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $2,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 | $0.00 | ELV - MM |
请注意,这只是使剩余流动资金余额回到零。存入多于此数量的资金将能够开新的头寸及/或保有防止进一步清算的余地。 |